Cecil Harland Underwood (November 5, 1922 – November 24, 2008) was an American Republican Party politician from West Virginia, known for the length of his career. He was the 25th and 32nd Governor of West Virginia from 1957 until 1961 and from 1997 until 2001. He ran for reelection in 2000 but was defeated by Bob Wise. Underwood was both the youngest and the oldest person ever to serve as Governor of West Virginia. He was also the first guest on the television game show To Tell the Truth. He was a Methodist, and a former minister.

Biography 

Early life 

Underwood was born in Josephs Mills, West Virginia in 1922, and labored on farms during The Great Depression. He graduated from Tyler CountyHigh School in 1939.

After graduation, he became an Army reservist during World War II before enrolling in Salem College in Harrison County. He graduated in 1943, where he had been elected president of the student body and a member of Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity. After college, he instructed high school students as a biology teacher in St. Marys, West Virginia in Pleasants County from 1943 to 1946.

While at Salem College, he met his future wife, Hovah Hall Underwood, through her two sisters when they were classmates. They were wed on July 25, 1948 at Knotts Methodist Church in Grantsville.

Between 1946 to 1950, Underwood taught at Marietta College in Marietta, Ohio, and then served as Vice President of Salem College from 1950 to 1956. He went on to receive a master's degree from West Virginia University nine years later.

At the age of 22, Underwood entered politics by running as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates, winning six terms from 1944 to 1956. He served as House Minority Leader in 1949, 1951, 1953 and 1955.

Governor of West Virginia 

Underwood's 1956 election as Governor of West Virginia marked the first election of a Republican to the office since 1928. He had defeatedCharleston Mayor John T. Copenhaver by only 7,200 votes in the primary, and had made a decisive victory against Democratic U.S. RepresentativeRobert Mollohan in the general election by 63,000 votes. Only a week prior to the election, it was discovered that Mollohan had received $20,000 and two cars from a coal operator on a strip mine at a male reformatory in Pruntytown while Mollohan was superintendent of the institution.

Following the lead of Governor William C. Marland, the Democrat who preceded him in office, Underwood continued the desegregation of West Virginia schools without violent confrontation at all levels and was a supporter of civil rights legislation. When presented with an order to desegregate the state's school systems, Underwood simply stated that "West Virginia will obey the Law."

The previous governors since 1932 had all been Democrats. His first act as governor was to go on the new medium of television and inform every state employee that they were fired. He stated that this was the only way to destroy the corrupt "machine" system. He later advocated an organized civil service and retirement pension system, and provided temporary employment relief for low-income families. Underwood was also instrumental in the creation of the West Virginia Mental Health Department, and oversaw creation of the interstate highway in the state,

Underwood also oversaw the last three executions in the state, all taking place in 1959.

Activities in between terms as governor 

Because West Virginia's state Constitution prohibited governors from serving consecutive terms at that time, Underwood ran for the United States Senate in 1960, but was defeated by incumbent Democrat Jennings Randolph. He was nominated again for governor in 1964 but was defeated again, and then lost the Republican primary for governor to Arch Moore in 1968.He was nominated again for governor in 1976, losing to Democrat Jay Rockefeller  by 250,000, which would become his largest defeat.

During the 1960s, he was named temporary chairman of the Republican National Convention and was once considered for the office of Vice President under Richard Nixon. Two weeks after losing the senate race in 1960, Underwood went to work for the Island Creek Coal Company  and Monsanto Chemical Company as well as forming his own land development company. He was associated as well with the Software Valley Corporation in Morgantown, West Virginia. He continued his academic career by serving as President of Bethany College  and instructor ofpolitical science at Marshall University. He also served as president of the National Association of State Councils on Vocational Education.

Second term as governor 

Underwood was elected again to the office of Governor of West Virginia in 1996  under the banner "Better Government, not Bigger Government",carrying 38 of the state's 55 counties. His main support in this election came from a group of conservative Democrats known as "Democrats for Underwood" who opposed Charlotte Pritt, who had run a write-in campaign against then-governor Gaston Caperton four years earlier, and had won a multi-candidate primary in this election cycle.

During his governorship, he enabled the Governor's Commission of Fair Taxation, which was a thorough review of the state's tax structure. The Commission made numerous recommendations for improvement. He also streamlined administrative costs from education and other government sectors.

In October 1999, Underwood was selected by the Governors of the Appalachian states to serve as West Virginia's co-chairman for the Appalachian Regional Commission for 2000.

Underwood was the only sitting Republican governor defeated for re-election in 2000, narrowly losing to Democrat Bob Wise.

Post-political career 

His wife, former first lady Hovah Hall Underwood, died on September 24, 2004  from complications of a stroke.

Cecil Underwood suffered a minor stroke in March 2006 and was hospitalized several times after that.

In early 2008, Underwood suffered a major stroke and lost the ability to formulate speech; he later had a severe blood infection. In June, he was admitted to a nursing facility before returning to his Charleston residence, where he received round-the-clock care.

Underwood was admitted to the Charleston Area Medical Center's Memorial Hospital on November 23, 2008 for chest congestion, and doctors found some slight bleeding in the brain. He died the following day, and is survived by one son, two daughters, and six grandchildren. His body was donated to Marshall University's Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine.

Source: Wikipedia